Newspaper Case Study

 1968 October 
 1966 September
 1966 October 
 2016 Brexit
 2018 February

News 1960s

Tabloids V Broadsheets

Q1) What are the main differences between a tabloid and a broadsheet? Broadsheet newspapers are traditionally more 'serious' and 'quality' and are considered as 'popular press' whereas tabloids are aimed at socially lower grades (C, C2, D&E)

Q2) What category of newspaper was the Observer in the 1960s?
The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays. In the same place on the political spectrum as its sister papers The Guardian and The Guardian Weekly, it takes a social liberal or social democratic line on most issues. It was a broadsheet.

Q3) What Category of newspaper is it now? Why? How has it changed? 
The Observer is primarily a broadsheet

What threatened newspapers in the 1960s?
Televisions and radios threatened newspapers in the 1960s

What percentage had Sunday Newspaper circulation figures fallen by 1965?  
By 1965, Sunday Newspaper circulation figures had dropped down to 25 million leading to 1.4 newspapers per household.

By comparison, by what percentage were figures down to in 2010?
Newspaper circulations dropped down to 10 million leading to 0.4 per household.

Q1) Which paper did working class Labour supporters read? 
Labour supporters would buy The Mirror 
Q2) Which newspaper did working class Conservative supporters buy?
They bought the Daily Express
Q3) Which newspaper did the social elite read? 
They bought The Times 
Q4) Which newspaper did middle class Conservative supporters buy?
They bought The Guardian
Q5) Which newspaper did middle class Labour/Liberal supporters buy?
They were better off with online media
Q6) How does this differ in 2010? 
Much less sense of loyalty to political parties or an identity based on class

What do the quotes reveal about life in the 1960s? How was it different from now in terms of gender, race, politics, workers rights and religion? 

Explain how broadsheet newspapers reflect the time and historic 

contexts in which they were published. Refer to the Observer front page 

from October 20th 1966 that you have studied to support your answer.

                                                                                                                   (10 marks)  

January Mock DIRT

Question 1
Sound is used in the extract to connote something bad will happen and this does improve tension in a scene. For example in the extract, non - diegetic sound was used to connote that something bad was going to happen and improve tension in the scene, this has an effect on the audience due to the fact that they may get more involved with the scene and will be more interested in the scene. Non - diegetic sound is used when two female officers are walking through Bristol and a truck crashes into a shop window and an attack is introduced to the scene. Also ambient sound is used in the scene to connote that something bad will happen in the extract to further involve the audience and draw them into the scene and create more tension therefore making them enjoy the scene a lot more.

Question 2 
Editing: The structure of the extract is mainly 80% police officers and 20% criminals, therefore not allowing the audience enough chances to bond with the criminals. 
Throughout the extract we get a varied range of shots of the police officers, for example there is a shot of the police officers in the car driving to the crime scene where we get a shot from the back seat looking out the front window of thecae with both officers in the shot, this gives the audience a feel of the officers experience and feelings in the extract so this allows the audience to interact and bond with he officers, this happens throughout the extract where the audience can bond with eh officers, however editing in the extract doesn't allow the audience to view or experience the same feelings the criminals are experiencing as the editing doesn't allow the audience to have a good view of the criminal or to be able to bond with them as they are mostly seen in shots that are quick and blurry so everything is rushed therefore not allowing the audience to interact with the criminal. 

Sound: 

History of News Industry

Progression of news

• Printing press - Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1440
• Typewriter - It was invented in 1874 by William Austin Burt
• Telegraph sounder - The telegraph sounder was invented by Alfred Vail in 1850
• Camera - Joseph Nicephore Niece invented the camera in 1685
• Television - Philo Taylor Farnsworth invented the television in 1927 

French revolution - freedom of press

The Printing Press.
The printing press was invented in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg. It would apply pressure to a surface so that the ink used in the machine would transfer to paper for example paper, this was the first method of getting news across to the public.

The Typewriter.
The typewriter was invented in 1874 by William Austin Burt. This was a more efficient and practical method of printing news so that it could be distributed tot he public to get news across.

The Telegraph Sounder
The telegraph sounder was invented in 1850 by Alfred Vail. This method of getting news across to people was a much easier way of getting news to people in different countries for example the UK to the USA. This was a much more easier, quicker and cheaper way of media.

Camera
The camera was invented in 1685 by Joseph Nicephore Niece. It was a way of getting news to people and having physical evidence that was photographed so people could understand a lot more and have their own views and opinions on current news.

Television
Similarly to the camera, television could allow people watch a moving image of world leaders for example or the current news and this would allow them to further explore their own opinions and views and get their point across. It was invented by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in1927.

What challenges have different forms of technology posed to newspapers and their survival?
Different forms of technology, primarily modern technology for example, the internet, radio and television have created challenges that newspapers are trying to overcome, for example with the internet news can be read anywhere and at anytime and is also free. Television and radio however have a certain time in which they broadcast news, so this was a downfall for television and radio however they still create problems for newspapers as people may prefer to listen or watch the news.
The camera improved the newspaper so people could actually have an image of the main topic in the news so the newspaper was drastically improved from what it was.

How has technology shaped our access to news?

Do you think newspapers will survive? How long for? What will they need to do to keep making money?

News - The Purpose of News

What is the purpose of news?

• Inform
• Educate
• Entertain 
• Profit
• Influence/persuade 

Facts:

• Newspapers are NOT PSB(like the BBC) they are commercial publications. Over three quarters (77.8%) of the British is owned by a handful of billionaires. Over a quarter (27.3%) of the press is owned by Lord Rothermere and 24.9% by Rupert Murdoch - between them these two men have over 50% of the printed press.
• Newspapers and their online publications (example of synergy /convergence) are not legally obliged to provide a un-bias public information service. There are ethical and moral codes of press conduct but the printed press is self regulatory industry. 

History of news

• News used to be a spectator sport but it is no longer a spectator sport as people can interact and engage with news stories and can also share and create news, where as before they could not do this. 
• The French Revolution happened 150 years ago because the French decided that they wanted freedom of press and that was then transferred over to the UK, this was so views and opinions could be spread freely without bias. 
• The fact that the public can watch news directly and form our own ideas and opinions through the internet is a very controversial topic as there are pros and cons to this topic, for example more fake news can be created however it can be proven wrong through the use of research on Google. You can also share existing content and news stories.